1. Software Serial Arduino

What is Serial Communication?Serial Communication is based on Serial 8bit data transfer or data transmission vice-versa Rx & Tx. Rx said to Receiver and Tx said to Transmission.USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver) located in Arduino Board.

It is a universal communication component (Synchronous/Asynchronous). FRAME:StartDataParityStopSIZE (Bits):15-90-11-2Rules of Serial Communication. Data bits,. Synchronization bits,.

Parity bits,. and Baud rate.Data bitsA byte is 8-bits of data.

Software Serial Arduino

The MSB ( Most-Significant-Byte) and LSB( Least-Significant-Byte) denote 8-bits. The amount of data in each packet can be set to anything from 5 to 9 bits.The standard data size is your basic 8-bit byte.which help to add 7-bit ASCII characters in Serial Chunk is to Transferring Data In ASCII table has 128 characters, with values from 0 through 127. Thus, 7 bits are sufficient to represent a character in ASCII, most computers typically reserve 1 byte, (8 bits).Synchronization bitsThe synchronization bits are two or three special bits transferred with each chunk of data.

They are the start bit and the stop bit(s). These bits mark the beginning and end of a packet. There’s always only one start bit, but the number of stop bits is configurable to either one or two. The start bit is always indicated by an idle data line going from 1 to 0, while the stop bit(s) will transition back to the idle state by holding the line at 1. Parity bitsParity is a form of very simple, low-level error checking. It comes in two flavors: odd or even. It is set to either 1 or 0 to make the total number of 1-bits either even (“even parity”) or odd (“odd parity”).

Baud RateThe baud rate specifies how fast data is sent over a serial line. It’s usually expressed in units of bits-per-second (bps). The only requirement is that both devices operate at the same rate. One of the more common baud rates, especially for simple stuff where speed isn’t critical, is 9600 bps. Other “standard” baud are 1200, 2400, 4800, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200. Serial Programming in Arduino. //End LoopSelecting Board & Select COM PORT.In Arduino Menu Option ToolsBoard: Arduino/Genuino Uno is for (Arduino Uno), Arduino/Genuino Mega or Mega 2560 is for (Arduino Mega )Port: COM1, or Any Serial Ports.After These Step:.

Uploading Code (Ctrl + U). Verify/Compile (Ctrl + R)Arduino Transmitter Led Blink Display Serial Message In Serial Monitor.Correct COM Port Select And Set Baud Rate According To Program.HOW TO PRINT OR SEND MESSAGESerial.writeWrites binary data to the serial port. //length of the bufferSerial.print Or Serial.println;Prints data to the serial port as human-readable ASCII text.DEC Decimal, HEX Hexadecimal, BIN Binary, OCT Octanal. Serial.print(57, DEC) gives “57”.

Serial.print(57, HEX) gives “39”. Serial.print(57, BIN) gives “111001 “. Serial.print(57, OCT) gives “71”. Serial.println(5.99216, 0) gives “5”. Serial.println(9.356, 2) gives “9.35”. Serial.println(10.295306, 4) gives “10.2953”Which is Best Serial.print or Serial.println?Serial.printIts Gives you ASCII Inline Message in continues FormExample.

Contents.What is Serial Communication?Serial communication is the process of transmitting data one bit at a time. In contrast, parallel communication is where data bits are sent as a whole. When we did 'DEFINE HSERTXSTA 20h', we set the TXSTA register equal to 20h which is 00100000 in binary. This corresponds to bit 5 (TXEN) being set while the rest of the bits are cleared.

This is needed to enable serial transmission from the PIC to another serial device.Doing 'DEFINE HSERRCSTA 90h' gives the RCSTA register a value of 90h or 10010000 in binary. This sets bit 7 (SPEN) and bit 4 (CREN). The SPEN bit is the master switch of the entire UART module while CREN allows for continuous receiving of bits on the RX pin.Lastly, 'DEFINE HSERBAUD 2400' sets the baud rate to 2400.As usual, doing serial using assembly takes time even if we'll now be using the hardware UART. I'll go straight to the example code (I used PIC16F628A btw). List p = 16F628AINCLUDE cblock 0x20char0COUNT1COUNT2endcORG 0x00goto initinitclrf PORTBclrf PORTAbsf STATUS, RP0;bank 1clrf TRISB;all PORTB pins are outputmovlw 01hmovwf TRISA;make all PORTA pins output except RA0movlw 07hmovwf CMCON;disable comparator modules;-CONFIGURE SPBRG FOR DESIRED BAUD RATEmovlw D'25';baud rate = 9600bpsmovwf SPBRG;at 4MHZ;-CONFIGURE TXSTAmovlw B'00100100'movwf TXSTA;Configures TXSTA as 8 bit transmission, transmit enabled, async mode, high speed baud ratebcf STATUS, RP0;bank 0movlw B'10000000'movwf RCSTA;enable serial port receivemovlw 0x21movwf char0;put! (ascii code 21) character to char0 registermainmovf char0, Wmovwf TXREG;place the!

Character to TXREGgoto wtheregoto mainwtherebtfss TXSTA, TRMT;check if TRMT is emptygoto WTHERE;if not, check againbcf STATUS, RP0;bank 0, if TRMT is empty then the character has been sentreturnend. EndBaud Rate CalculationsThe baud rate is set by manipulating the SPBRG register and the BRGH bit on TXSTA. The baud rate formulas are as follows:You can choose between low speed and high speed baud rate by setting or clearing the BRGH bit. The baud rate number doesn't indicate if its high speed or low speed so 9600 baud is possible for both speeds. However, the datasheet recommends using the high speed setting because the baud rate error is said to be smaller. (Notice that you can also choose between asynchronous and synchronous transmission by setting or clearing the SYNC bit - bit 4 of TXSTA).Using the formulas above, the datasheet provided a table for the common baud rates using the usual oscillator values. This is for the 4 MHz oscillator low speed:This is for the same oscillator at high speed setting:Look at the%ERROR column for the 9,600 baud rate at both tables. That's more than 40x of difference in error!Now back to the code.

I placed the value 25 to the SPBRG register as suggested by the table above. Then I set the TXEN and BRGH bits on the TXSTA register, followed by setting the SPEN bit on the RCSTA register. The next part is placing 21 hex (!

Character) in the empty register char0.To send the data, the contents of char0 moves to TXREG register. Checking bit TRMT of the TXSTA register ensures that the data is now out from the buffer and is on its way to the other device.Again if you need to send a string of characters, you just need to move one character to the TXREG register at a time and wait for the buffer to be cleared by checking if the TRMT bit of the TXSTA register is set every after you sent a character to TXREG.See for XC8 UART Coding Serial with Embedded Linux (Beaglebone Black/Raspberry Pi)Just like any other peripheral, using serial with the Beaglebone Black and Raspberry Pi involves the use of device tree overlays. I will consider these two as one device since both are inherently Linux computers. If you need a more specific approach, a tutorial on serial for beaglebone black can be found while a tutorial for raspberry pi serial communication is presented here.The debug serial ports for both Beaglebone Black and Raspberry Pi are enabled by default. The debug serial port (which is the J1 pins) for the BBB is found in /dev/ttyO0 while the Raspberry Pi serial port is at /dev/ttyAMA0.

To use the serial port, you need an app such as minicom. Flight simulator x steam edition. You can install minicom by doing.